Food Technology Essay Example for Free

Food Technology Essay Let’s recollect 1The key phases of the innovation procedure are planning, creating and assessing. 2A plan circumstance is a situation, circumstance or setting. It lays everything out for a creator. A structure brief is an explanation that presents an assignment or issue to be settled as it identifies with the plan circumstance. 3It is essential to break down the structure brief to guarantee that the creator comprehends what is expected of them thus that they can build up a standards for progress. 4It is basic to know the measures for progress before embraced a structure procedure with the goal that a creator can allude back to these rules during the plan procedure and guarantee that they are on target and settling on right choices. It is fundamental to realize the imperatives before embraced a structure venture so a creator remains inside the limits of the task, especially as far as cost and calendar. 5Some strategies for examination and examination that fashioners use may include: motivation sheets, meets, the Internet, reviews, tests, perceptions, reading material, reference books, magazines and TV programs. 6Primary wellsprings of data are unique reports. A few instances of essential sources are talk with reactions, overview reactions, perceptions or unique records. Optional wellsprings of data are gathered from existing reports and may incorporate reading material, magazines, TV projects and Internet look. 7Designers now and then produce basic representations of their plans to guarantee that they recollect the entirety of the subtleties that they created during the examination and investigation stages. Their charts may be joined by marks that rundown materials, hues, size and different subtleties. 8Designers will for the most part think of more than one alternative for the structure answer for guarantee that the most inventive and imaginative arrangement conceivable is found, instead of simply the first and most clear thought. 9The best structure choice is chosen by assessing every thought against the first short, the measures for progress and any requirements. 10Evaluation is a significant piece of the innovation procedure as it causes the planner to settle on choices about the structure and the improvement of the arrangement. Assessment additionally causes the originator to pass judgment on the accomplishment of the conclusive outcome. 11Food originators may assess their food item arrangements by playing out a tangible assessment with a board of taste-analyzers. 1. 2 Factors affecting structure Case study: Red Lantern 1The two factors that Mark Jensen of Red Lantern considers significant when making a decision about the achievement of a café are restricting the restaurant’s sway on the earth and utilizing natural and morally solid produce. 2Some of the produce picked for the menu at Red Lantern incorporates natural vegetables and herbs, line-got fish, natural and unfenced poultry, free roaming pork. 3According to Mark, a few advantages of utilizing natural and unfenced items incorporate that they are liberated from pesticides and taste better. 4Pesticides utilized in cultivating sully the dirt and the water table and are subsequently unsafe to the earth. 5Net angling is an issue for marine biology due to the measure of bycatch. Bycatch is a term given to the huge amounts of marine creatures trapped in nets and slaughtered each year. The bycatch is then disposed of into the sea since they are seen to have no monetary worth. 6Energy use is being decreased at Red Lantern by utilizing maintainable innovations, for example, vitality productive hardware and light globes. Water utilization is diminished by supplanting normal wok stations that depend on a consistent progression of water with another sort of wok framework which prevents water from being lost down the channel. 7Waste is overseen at Red Lantern by utilizing extraordinarily checked glass, plastic, cardboard and paper reusing receptacles. Vegetable waste is set in manure containers. Let’s recollect. 1The variables that may impact the turn of events and creation of an answer for a brief include: work, feel, human structure, scale, ergonomics, morals, natural issues, enactment, cost, sociocultural affectability, asset accessibility, physical and material properties and security. 2Ergonomics identifies with the human structure. An ergonomic arrangement must be agreeable and safe to use without making strain or injury the client. 3The word feasible methods sustainable or viable. A practical asset can be kept up at a specific level without making harm the earth. 4Organic nourishments are developed without the utilization of concoction composts or pesticides. 1. 3 Innovation and rising advancements Case study: Molecular gastronomy 1Molecular gastronomy is a term used to portray the utilization of science and innovation to cooking. 2Some techniques used to change fixings into new nourishments are: drying, condensing, gassing and freezing. 3Chefs of atomic gastronomy are fruitful in making new food mixes and surfaces by first understanding the science of food and flavor. 4Answers will differ. Let’s recollect 1Some favorable circumstances of having an Internet cooler are: monitoring what is put away in it, recording to what extent food has been in the ice chest, having a worked in camcorder to leave video reminders, having the option to stare at the TV or tune in to online music while cooking. 2Reasons for placing a PC in a fridge may include: the kitchen is the wellspring of activity in numerous homes and is in this manner a legitimate spot for a PC; the cooler is constantly connected and turned on so it bodes well to incorporate a PC. 3Nanotechnology is another or developing innovation that alludes to substances at the nuclear and atomic level (that is, extremely, little things). 4Nanotechnology will make the accompanying conceivable: aIncrease the nourishing cases of specific food sources by bracing nourishments with concealed supplements and nutrients. bIncrease the timeframe of realistic usability of food by making an undetectable, palatable, nano-covering that will cover nourishments, forestalling gas and dampness trade. cReduce unfavorably susceptible responses in people by obstructing the fixing that causes the sensitivity. dReduce diet related maladies by programming shrewd bundling to discharge additional supplements to individuals with inadequacies. eReduce food waste by permitting the advancement of exceptional ‘smart packaging’ that discharges nano-enemies of microorganisms when it identifies food deterioration. 1. 4 Design this! Contextual analysis: Urban Graze Cooking School 1Tarrah Laidman and Joel Owen began Urban Graze cooking school in August 2006. 2Students experience a scope of great food encounters in a fun and loosened up condition during a Urban Graze cooking exercise. Understudies are instructed with a hands-on approach and work towards making dishes for the finish of-class bunch supper, which is eaten together at the feasting table. 3Ingredients are chosen for a class by thinking about what is in season and what is accessible. Neighborhood produce is utilized where conceivable and Tarrah and Joel attempt to incorporate new food drifts in their fixing choice. 4At Urban Graze, each class starts with a concise word related wellbeing and security talk and a direction of the gear and offices. A depiction of the class is given with a diagram of every formula. Shows are given to the entire class just as individual consideration. Toward the consummation of the class, food is shared around the feasting table. 5Tarrah and Joel attempt to consistently utilize privately sourced fixings and hardware. They develop their very own portion vegetables and herbs. Contextual analysis: Veronica Cuskelly †formula architect 1Veronica Cuskelly had numerous jobs: home market analyst, food advisor, formula engineer and cookbook writer. 2The group making a formula may incorporate a customer, formula designer, nutritionist, food beautician and picture taker. 3A group approach alludes to cooperating and sharing thoughts. It requires clear and positive correspondence. It is significant with the goal that the formula designer has a decent comprehension of the different components of the brief. 4The basic components remembered for a brief to make another formula may include: target advertise, explicit produce to be utilized, most extreme or least number of fixings, steps or utensils to be utilized, planning time permitted, cooking times, cost per serve, style in which the formula is to be composed and dietary prerequisites. 5The purpose behind building up clear and positive correspondence between the customer and the formula engineer is to guarantee that all fundamental data is given and any troubles or issues that may emerge can be settled without any problem. 6At the start of a task, the kind of pre-work that Veronica embraces may incorporate exploration and data gathering, tasting food tests, taking a gander at other comparable plans, talking with a nutritionist and taking a gander at current dietary rules. 7Recipe advancement is checked and assessed in various manners: submitting ideas to the customer for endorsement; building up the affirmed formula; testing multiple times; taste-testing meetings; adjustment as important and reviewing the last, endorsed formula. 8The basic segments of a formula that should be tried and recorded are as per the following: fixings, amounts, steps or techniques utilized, temperatures, hardware, timings. Let’s recall 1The three key regions of study in the Technology course are: manufactured conditions, items, data and correspondences. 2Ideas for a plan venture originate from genuine circumstances. 3The strides for explaining a structure venture are: a. Configuration (structure circumstance, plan brief, examination, research, thoughts) b. Produce c. Assess 4The achievement of a structure venture is chosen by assessing it against the plan brief and the rules for progress. 5Ways of social event data to help tackle a brief may include: directing overviews, meeting significant individuals, understanding books, magazines or articles on the Internet, leading center gatherings or trials.

Information Systems Acquisition Development And Maintenance Information Technology Essay

Data Systems Acquisition Development And Maintenance Information Technology Essay The ISO 27002 standard is the new name of the ISO 17799 norm. It is code of training for data security. It essentially traces many potential controls and control components, which might be actualized. The standard which is to be set up rules and general standards for starting, actualizing, keeping up, and improving data security the executives inside an association. The real controls recorded in the standard are proposed to address the particular necessities recognized by means of a conventional hazard appraisal. The standard is likewise expected to give a manual for the improvement of authoritative security principles and viable security the board practices and it is additionally useful in building trust in between hierarchical exercises ISOs tentative arrangements for this standard are centered to a great extent around the turn of events and distribution of industry explicit forms. One of the substance of the ISO 27002 is data framework procurement, advancement, and upkeep, the subtleties of which are as per the following:- Data Systems Acquisition, Development, and Maintenance (ISO 27002) List of chapters Diagram Norms Security Requirements of the data frameworks Right preparing of the data Cryptographic control Security of the framework records Security being developed and bolster forms Specialized defenselessness Management Diagram Data security must be considered in the Systems Development Lifecycle (SDLC) forms for determining, building/procuring, testing, actualizing and keeping up IT frameworks. Mechanized and manual security control prerequisites ought to be broke down and completely recognized during the necessities phase of the frameworks improvement or obtaining process, and joined into business cases.â Purchased programming ought to be officially tried for security, and any issues hazard surveyed. The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC), or Software Development Life Cycleâ in systemsâ andâ software building, is the way toward making or adjusting frameworks, and the models andâ methodologiesâ that individuals use to build up these frameworks. The idea for the most part alludes toâ computerâ orâ information frameworks. Frameworks Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a procedure utilized by aâ systems analystâ to create anâ information framework, includingâ requirements, validation,â training, and client (partner) proprietorship. Any SDLC should bring about a top notch framework that meets or surpasses client desires, arrives at fulfillment inside time and quotes, works successfully and proficiently in the current and planned Information Technologyâ infrastructure, and is cheap to keep up and financially savvy to improve Measures ISO 27002: Information Security Managementâ Statement 12: Information Systems Acquisition, Development, and Maintenance Security Requirements of the data frameworks Security can be incorporated into data frameworks procurement, improvement and upkeep by executing successful security rehearses in the accompanying zones. Security necessities for data frameworks Right handling in applications Cryptographic controls Security of framework documents Security being developed and bolster forms Specialized defenselessness the board Data frameworks security starts with fusing security into theâ requirementsâ process for any new application or framework improvement. Security ought to be planned into the framework from the earliest starting point. Security prerequisites are introduced to the seller during the necessities period of an item buy. Formal testing ought to be done to decide if the item meets the necessary security details preceding buying the productâ Security prerequisites are set up to guarantee as a vital piece of the turn of events or execution of a data frameworks. The obtaining of a framework or application frequently incorporates a Request for Proposals (RFP), which is a proper acquisition process. During this procedure, security prerequisites should be distinguished. Indiana University incorporates bothâ a security survey and a security poll as a component of the RFP procedure. Get familiar with this viable practice. The principle goal of this class is to guarantee that security is a necessary piece of the associations data frameworks, and of the business forms related with those frameworks. Right handling of the data This class means to forestall blunders, misfortune, unapproved alteration or abuse of data in applications. Application configuration incorporates controls, for example, those to approve input/yield information, inside processing,â and message honesty, so as to forestall erros and protect information trustworthiness. Info information validation Data contribution to applications ought to be approved to guarantee that the information is right and appropriate.â Control incorporates utilization of both programmed and manual strategies for information confirmation and cross-checking, as suitable and characterized obligations and procedures for reacting to identified mistakes. Control of inner handling Validation registers ought to be fused with applications to recognize the defilement of data through preparing blunders or conscious acts.â â Control incorporates utilization of both programmed and manual strategies for information confirmation and cross-checking, as proper and characterized obligations and procedures for reacting to identified mistakes. Message integrity Requirements for guaranteeing validness and ensuring message trustworthiness in applications ought to be recognized, and suitable controls distinguished and executed. Yield information validation Data yield from applications ought to be approved to guarantee that the preparing of put away data is right and proper to the circumstances.â Control incorporates utilization of both programmed and manual strategies for information confirmation and cross-checking, as fitting and characterized obligations and procedures for reacting to recognized mistakes. Cryptographic control Target of cryptographic is toâ describe contemplations for an encryption strategy so as to secure data privacy, trustworthiness, and validness. A cryptography arrangement ought to be characterized, covering jobs and duties, advanced marks, non-disavowal, the executives of keys and computerized certificatesâ etc. Certain information, by their temperament, require specific privacy assurance. Furthermore, there might be authoritative or other legitimate punishments for inability to keep up appropriate privacy when Social Security Numbers are included, for instance. Gatherings who may obtain unapproved access to the information yet who don't approach the encryption key the secret key that scrambled the information can't attainably translate the information. Information exist in one of three states: very still in travel or experiencing handling. Information are especially helpless against unapproved get to when in travel or very still. Convenient PCs (holding information very still) are a typical objective for physical robbery, and information in travel over a system might be caught. Unapproved access may likewise happen while information are being handled, however here the security framework may depend on the preparing application to control, and report on, such access endeavors. This class intends to ensure the privacy, honesty and legitimacy of data by cryptographic methods. Approach on the utilization of cryptographic controls. Arrangements on the utilization of cryptographic controls for assurance of data ought to be created and implemented.â Control incorporates Proclamation of general standards and the executives way to deal with the utilization of cryptographic controls Details dependent on a careful hazard assessment,â that considers appropriateâ algorithm determinations, key administration and other center highlights of cryptographic executions. Thought of lawful limitations on innovation organizations. Application, as fitting, to information very still and fixed-area gadgets, information moved by versatile/removable media and installed in cell phones, and information transmitted over correspondences connections and particular of jobs and duties regarding execution of and the checking of consistence with the arrangement key management. Key the executives approaches and procedures ought to be actualized to help an associations utilization of cryptographic techniques.â Control incorporates strategies for dispersing, putting away, chronicling and changing/updatingâ keys recuperating, renouncing/decimating and managing traded off keys; and logging all exchanges related with keys. Security of the framework documents The principle objective is to guarantee the security of framework records. Security prerequisites ought to be recognized and concurred preceding the turn of events or obtaining of data frameworks. Security necessities examination and particular An examination of the necessities for security controls ought to be completed at the prerequisites investigation phase of each undertaking. Control of operationalâ software. Techniques ought to be implementedâ to control the establishment of programming on operational frameworks, to limit the danger of breaks in or defilement of data services.â Control incorporates: refreshing performed distinctly with proper administration approval; refreshing performed uniquely by properly prepared work force; just properly tried and ensured programming sent to operational frameworks; proper change the board and setup control forms for all phases of refreshing; suitable documentation of the idea of the change and the procedures used to execute it; a rollback technique set up, including maintenance of earlier forms as a possibility measure; and Fitting review logs kept up to follow changes. Access to framework records (both executable projects and source code) and test information ought to be controlled. To guarantee that framework filesâ and sensi

Will Repossession Hurt My Credit

Will Repossession Hurt My Credit Will Repossession Hurt My Credit? Will Repossession Hurt My Credit?Try to avoid the insult as well as the injury; learn how to cope when you arent able to pay.If you are facing repossession, your credit score may be low on your list of concerns. If your car is repossessed, you will have to find a new way to get to work. If your house is repossessed, you will have to find a new place to keep yourself safe from the elements.Having to navigate these fundamental necessities means that slightly more esoteric concerns, like your credit score, may take a temporary backseat. However, you should not ignore it completely. A low credit score may have originally contributed to the repossession, and a higher credit score might be key to preventing it from happening again in the future.Whether you are worried about repossession, are currently undergoing it, or are just repo-curious, there is no better time than the present to find out how repossession will affect your credit score.Repossession basicsHere’s the skinny on how repo ssession works: Certain loans require a form of collateral to guarantee the loan. Car loans and mortgages tend to require collateral, with the car and house acting as that collateral, respectively. If you do not make your required payments on the loan, the bank or lender will seize the collateral. This seizure is called repossession.Different states have different laws that govern repossession and some may require your creditor to inform you before seizing the collateral in question. You can research online to familiarize yourself with the laws for your state.Will repossession affect your credit?We often write about the ways in which financial struggles can compound and lead to a “poor get poorer” effect. The impact that a repossession will have on one’s credit score is no exception.“Having a car repossessed can reduce an otherwise excellent credit score by as much as 150 points,” warns Shiva Bhaskar Esq., an attorney with Tier One Credit. “However, if you have a somewha t lower credit score, the impact will be less. Bad credit scores are impacted less by additional negative items like a [repossession], but if you have good credit, youll take a major hit.”Softening the blow  Given that you will already be struggling with the obvious results of repossession, you should take whatever steps you can to protect your credit. The best option is recognizing that you are at risk for repossession and keeping it from happening in the first place.Jennifer Harder, founder CEO of Jennifer Harder Mortgage Brokers, says, “You can attempt to avoid [repossession] by talking to your lender to see if a loan reinstatement is possible.” However, it may cost you a pretty penny upfront. “This would require you to pay the past due payments, interest, penalties, late fees, and any repossession costs.”If you have accepted that you can no longer make your payments, choosing to surrender your collateral may be the best option. Bhaskar says here are a few ways to avoi d or reduce the impact of repossession:One is to give the vehicle back to the dealership or lender, and negotiate some sort of settlement. In some cases, this will allow you to avoid having a repossession placed on your credit reports, although not always.Often the lender will note this as a voluntary repossession, which does harm your credit. However, it is negotiable, and perhaps you will be able to convince the lender not to list this as a repossession. Even if it is listed as a [repossession], giving the car back and settling the debt can result in fewer late payments leading up to the repossession, and thus offset the credit damage somewhat.Bhaskar also offers another advantage that voluntary repossession can hold over involuntary: If you do not negotiate a settlement, the creditor could seize your collateral, sell it for less than you owe, and still keep you on the hook for the remaining balance.The road to recoveryUltimately, the most reliable way to offset the hit your credi t score takes from repossession is practicing the same habits that help your credit in general.“You can also attempt to reduce the damage to your credit by making sure your bills are always paid on time, use a secured credit card to rebuild your credit, or consider a credit-builder loan,” Harder says. “A credit builder loan requires you to make monthly payments, and at the end of the loan term, the money is released to you.” Experian is also offering opportunities for consumers to boost their credit scores.While repossession can make future financial transactions more difficult, the opposite is also true. If you can get your credit up, you will be able to get better terms on loans and leases in the future, and start turning that financial domino effect in the right direction.ContributorsShiva Bhaskar is a consumer rights attorney and credit scoring expert, focusing on the Fair Credit Reporting Act and Fair Debt Collection Practices Act. Bhaskar is the co-founder of Tier One Credit, a full service credit repair firm, based in southern California. Bhaskar is also the principal attorney for Gopal Law Group, a consumer rights law firm. He is a member of the American Bar Association, as well as the National Association of Consumer Advocates. Hes a graduate of the UCLA School of Law, having also earned his undergraduate degree at UCLA.  Jennifer Harder  is a mortgage broker with over 30 years of management and sales experience. Throughout her mortgage career, Jennifer has helped hundreds of clients solve their financial challenges. Her motto is to focus on the client’s needs above all else. Follow her  @JenniferHarder4.

Essay about sociology and the family - 1732 Words

You will refer to statistical evidence when discussing the variety of family and household types. You will be required to reference your work throughout and produce a correct and current bibliography to demonstrate that you have used different sources to obtain your information. Sociology and the Family The Nuclear Family generally consists of a Mother, a Father and at least 1 child, this image of a family is thought to of come about at the time of the Industrial Revolution. (Willmott and Young) believe that an increase in the Nuclear Family was the result of the Industrialization. They found that during pre-industrial times, the most common type of family structure, was that of the Extended Family (Extended Family can take†¦show more content†¦Martin (2012) explains that British children are among the least likely to live with both Biological Parents by the time they reach age 14, statistics show that in Britain this is just 68.9%, whilst the same statistics in France are 79.5% and Finland at the highest with 95.2%. Changes in the different Family types will be outlined with evidence in the following pages showing Evidence and Statistics. Browne (2008) tells us that whilst Marriage is the usual type of relationship between Men and Women, Marriages where it’s the first time for both partners, is on a high scale decline, numbers have at least halved since 1970. This means that there are now more Reconstituted Families (families where at least one spouse will have children from a previous relationship), also knows as Step-Families. This is the fastest growing family type as now nearly half of Marriages involve a second marriage for at least one of the partners, reflecting an increase in Divorce Rates. The most recent studies show that 42% of Marriages now end in Divorce and that they are on the increase, although recent statistics contradict this fact, as they show that Divorce Rates are decreasing each year. In 2011, there were 117,588 divorces, compared to 121,779 in 2008, and a staggering 153,176 in 2003, a decrease of 30% in 8 years (ONS, 2008-2011) South African divorce rates are also decreasing, between 2005 and 2011, the numbers fell, from 32,484 to 20,980, a difference of 55% (SSA).Show MoreRelatedSociology Of The Family Class947 Words   |  4 Pages This Sociology of the Family class has been an eye-opening experience. My views of the United States have been impacted by an objective comparison of their policies to those of other nations. I have learned that my own experiences growing up impacted me beyond how they did directly at the time they happened. Finally, the most dramatic of all was seeing how my own socialization has impacted the way I viewed the world. It is not unusual for a patriotic American to say that the United States isRead MoreSociology - Family Unit1057 Words   |  5 PagesSOCIOLOGY – FAMILY – STUDY GUIDE Definitions Types of families Alternative to traditional families Family diversity Functions ( beneficial amp; critical view) Characteristics of lone-parent family Reasons for increase in lone parent families Features of families in contemporary society Reasons for increase in divorce rate Reasons for increase in cohabitation Reasons for increase in birth outside marriage Definitions Family: A group of people consisting of adults and their childrenRead MoreSociology - Family Essay640 Words   |  3 Pagesin the birth rate and family size since 1900. Since the 1900 there have been changes in the state polices, changes in attitudes and changes in our living standards which have led to unbalanced changes in birth rates and family size. Firstly in the early 1900’s there was no health service and a poor quality of life and there had been an industrial revolution know has industrialization which had meant that many workers and their families had left their homes and extended families to live in houses thatRead MoreFamily and Kinship (Sociology)772 Words   |  4 PagesPresented by, Shailendra Kumar Nitish Singh Amit Dogra FAMILY AND KINSHIP What family means†¦ The family forms the basic unit of social organization and it is difficult to imagine how human society could function without it. The family has been seen as a universal social institution an inevitable part of human society. FAMILY Defining â€Å"FAMILY† Various sociologists â€Å"family† in various ways: ïÆ'Ëœ G.P Murdock defines the family as a social group characterized by common residence, economicRead MoreCollege Sociology : The American Family1480 Words   |  6 PagesLeigha Terry 5-7-15 College Sociology The American Family Today, family still remains alive and well. Although many forces have attempted to change the American family, it has managed to prevail and preserve the basic values and principles it was first found upon. What Americans need to realize is that what works for a family in one economic and cultural setting doesn’t work for a family in another. This study is relevant because most people don’t understand that families are just doing what theyRead More The Contribution of Feminists to the Sociology of the Family1194 Words   |  5 Pagesmajor part in the ideology of the family, as they provide an alternative view to the traditional sociology of the family. 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Family roles have change dramaticallyRead MoreSociology - Child Centredness in Contemporary Families1483 Words   |  6 PagesEvaluate the view that contemporary families have become more child centred Firstly , child centred society is where children have become more valued and therefore focused on and protected. In this essay I will be evaluating the view that modern families have become more child centred. I will do this by including childhood in the past compared to childhood now , and how childhood has improved through rights and economic improvements and so on. Firstly , childhood is a phase of life between infancyRead MoreUnit 4 Sociology - The Weakening of the Family Structure893 Words   |  4 Pages The Weakening of the Family Structure Tenisha Greene American InterContinental Online Abstract Many expert sociologists have alluded to a weakening of the family structure of the years. In an effort to determine if their findings are true, the factors that influence the deterioration have to be examined. Such factors as unemployment, welfare, and the entertainment industry play a major role in the weakening families. â€Å"For if the family is becoming less viable economicallyRead MoreDescribe Ways in Which Concept of Family Has Changed Across Cultures and over Time (Sociology)1442 Words   |  6 PagesDESCRIBE WAYS IN WHICH CONCEPT OF FAMILY HAS CHANGED ACROSS CULTURES AND OVER TIME Families in the world are very different. They come in different shapes and sizes, it can be based on different kinds of relationship, but what all families have in common that it is made of people you love and care. Over past 20 or more years families in the world has changed the most than it has changed in all history. Of course changes in the families are different among cultures and religions. It seems that United

Should Medical Marijuana Be Legal - 1249 Words

Tavian Lasley Paper 2 First Draft March 1, 2017 Medical Marijuana Informative Unless you ve been living under a rock, you have probably at some point in the last few years had a conversation with a friend or family member regarding medical marijuana. Although it is considered a controversial topic, in recent months it has been gaining approval by the public. But it does not come without opposition and arguments. Medical marijuana is a complex subject and still requires more education for the public, the medical community, and the government. First, a little background. Marijuana is a plant. It can also be used interchangeably with cannabis or hemp. Marijuana has many different components within itself, but the two I ll be referring†¦show more content†¦Many of these states have a very narrow list of approved illnesses. Many of these state changes have been in large part due to mothers of children with severe epilepsy, whose children have failed countless medications. These mothers advocate tirelessly to their state legislators for change in their stat e laws, to allow them to administer cannabis oil to their suffering child, sometimes as a desperate last resort. According to ProCon.org, currently, 28 states and Washington D.C. have approved cannabis for medical use (Medical Marijuana: Should Marijuana be a Medical Option?). To qualify as a legal medical marijuana state, the state must pass a law that legalizes the marijuana plant for medical use. Some states, like Iowa, have passed a law allowing the use of CBD only, which is another component of the cannabis plant. Those states do not qualify them as a medical marijuana state. In states that have legalized medical cannabis, a cannabis card must be obtained and shown to the dispensary, before purchasing your medicine. To obtain a medical card, one must make appointments to see a physician who is qualified by the state, to confirm the ailment, and approve the cannabis card. At the federal level, all forms of marijuana are currently still illegal. Even though it has been known to r elieve many ailments, illnesses and diseases, the federal government still considers cannabis a schedule 1 substance. (Anderson, L.)A schedule 1 substance meansShow MoreRelatedMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal904 Words   |  4 PagesMedical Marijuana Although marijuana is illegal and lacks FDA approval it should be used to treat cancer. Opponents of medical marijuana argue that it is too dangerous to use, lacks FDA approval, and that various legal drugs make marijuana use unnecessary. They believe marijuana is addictive, leads to harder drug use, and injures the lungs, immune system, and brain. They also believe that medical marijuana is a front for drug legalization and recreational use. Benefit that it is isn’t a great treatmentRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal1477 Words   |  6 Pagesacross the nation believe that medical marijuana can provide a variety of benefits ranging from pain relief to increasing appetite. Others won’t provide the drug to patients until more significant evidence is presented. The drug has been a topic of debate for many years, but one thing that researchers can always count on is a growing library of testimonials from patients who have legally experimented with the drug to man age their conditions. As it stands, marijuana has had a different impact in eachRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal1651 Words   |  7 Pagesmost commonly referred to as marijuana. Medical marijuana refers to the use of cannabis and its cannabinoids to treat disease or improve symptoms (Wikipedia.com). Cannabis contains two active ingredients inside called cannabinoids (CBD) along with the delta-g-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The medicinal and psychoactive effects that personally associate with marijuana are caused by unique structures of cannabinoids. In addition, the major psychoactive ingredient in marijuana is THC, which additionallyRead MoreShould Medical Marijuana Be Legal?1778 Words   |  8 Pagesusing medical marijuana for chronic pain outweigh the risks? Medical Marijuana is a topic we have all heard a couple of times in the past years. It has been a debatable topic since there seems to be a lot of opinions on what should be and shouldn’t be legal. Some say its benefits outweigh anything else, and some others state that there is a hazard involved with this drug. There are studies on both sides of the question that demonstrate what appear to be clear benefits for medical marijuana, asRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal1545 Words   |  7 Pagesmedicinal utility of marijuana. However, the federal government opposes passing legislation that would legalize medical marijuana because of its potential to be abused or unregulated. The states are continuously challenging the federal government causing complications in legislation in regards to medical marijuana. Because of its history of medicinal properties and accumulating amounts of state and local legislation, the federal government should decriminalize medical marijuana an d legalize its useRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal1053 Words   |  5 PagesMedical marijuana, also called cannabis, is used in some places as a medication to treat diseases and symptoms. Many people consider it helpful and harmless making it the most used illicit drug in North America. With legalizing medical marijuana people can alleviate some health problems and help ease physical pain, but it also can bring many concerns, questions, and responsibility. Legalizing cannabis can help many people with their health conditions. There are some advantages to taking medicalRead MoreShould Medical Marijuana Be Legal?1591 Words   |  7 Pagesdebated topic on marijuana legalization is widely argued. Whether it’s for medical or recreational usages, this topic is reaching boiling point. The complicity on the legalities of marijuana has reached a point in society where legal usage has been popping up across the country. In the medical sector, studies have shown benefits, and harmful effects in patients. Some physicians support, however some physicians do see health concerns that influence their stance on whether medical marijuana laws are toRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal897 Words   |  4 PagesMedical Cannabis Weed Cannabis, also known as Marijuana has many effects to it. In recent years officials have decided that it should be used for medical usage. They have found out that it helps many medical conditions. Medical cannabis has many things that could cure. Studies has shown that it slows the response time in the synapses in the brain it helps the brain heal. For example if someone was in a bad wreck it allows the brain to eventually heal. Because it is unlike other prescribed drugs weedRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal860 Words   |  4 Pagesthat medical marijuana might be useful in reducing this pressure. Marijuana has also became a common sight in the medicine cabinets of patients suffering from HIV/AIDS and many different forms of cancer. Cannabis consumptions has been known for its ability to stimulate appetite commonly referred to as â€Å"getting the munchies.† Medical marijuana can successfully benefit its patients with HIV or cancer by helping generate an appetite through the use of plant. Researchers have shown that medical cannabisRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal1777 Words   |  8 Pages Medical marijuana brings many benefits to the medical community and should be legalized. Medical marijuana also known as medical cannabis, brings relief too many people with multiple different types of diseases. One major benefit of marijuana being such a good relief medicine is that it is not addictive. Medical marijuana would also be very easy to regulate and bring many economic benefits to our country. Medical marijuana also known as medical cannabis brings relief too many people with many different

Battlefield of the Mind Free Essays

â€Å"Battlefield of the Mind: Winning the Battle in Your Mind† Author: Joyce Meyer Reviewer: Lisa Hutson I believe many times in the Christian and especially in the Pentecostal realm, we tend to do things in the name of Christ because we â€Å"felt† like it was from the Holy Spirit and instead of determining that by lining it up with the Bible, the living word of God, we tend to trust that our â€Å"feelings† are correct. But what happens when those feelings steam from negative, confused, judgemental or passive thinking?I never realized until I read this book that the majority of the bad decisions I have made in my life were decisions I made based on present feelings and that those feelings came from faulty or negative thinking. After I read this book, I understood that it is the things that I think about constantly that are the things that soak up my life. We will write a custom essay sample on Battlefield of the Mind or any similar topic only for you Order Now If those thoughts are positive, I will reap positive benefits. If those thoughts are negative, I will reap negativity but it is all in how I think. There are three life lessons that I have learned to incorporate into my daily life in order to live a Christ filled life.When I tend to go through those â€Å"wilderness mentalities†, I have learned to always do my best to be positive, to regularly meditate on the Word of God, and to be thankful at all times. Explaining the importance of being positive, Meyer tells us the mind is a battlefield. After reading 2 Corinthians 10;4,5, Meyer says that we are engaged in a war, our enemy is Satan and that our minds are the battlefield. The devil works diligently to set up strongholds in our mind and he does it through strategy and deceit and that he takes his time to work out his plan (16-17). In order to prevent the devil’s lies from penetrating our minds, we must defend them. You cannot have a positive life and a negative mind. Your life will not get straightened out until your mind does (27-28). Positive minds produce positive lives. Negative minds produce negative lives. Positive thoughts are always full of faith and hope. Negative thoughts are always full of fear and doubt (41). What really struck me about this concept is how Meyer tells us that thinking positive isn’t ignoring the negative, but it is believing that God is bigger than you and your situation and that all things will work together for good as His word promises.I am generally a happy person. I laugh at everything, I like making other people laugh and having good conversations. However, when negative things do arise, I tend to get angry or seclude myself. If I am having a disagreement with a co-worker or an argument with my parents, I will just refuse to talk to them. When the Holy Spirit brings them to my memory, I let negative thoughts produce even more feelings of strife and it takes a long time to get over it. I remember one time last semester when I was so upset with my mother that I refused to talk to her for almost four months!Learning to be positive does not mean that the negative situation did not happen but it simply means that we believe that God will heal it or bring good fro m it. It means forgiving even if we don’t forget but allowing the Holy Spirit to work in our attitudes so that we do not become weighed down by our situations. Meditating on God’s word is another huge lesson I have learned from this book. I believe that my biggest mistake early on in my walk with the Lord was not reading His word for myself. I became a christian at the age of fourteen and filled with the Holy Spirit by the age of sixteen.However, I would rather go on Wednesday nights and hear my youth pastor tell me what the Bible said instead of reading it myself. When I tried to read on my own, I often became very confused and frustrated and gave up. I let other people tell me how to live instead of searching it out myself. I continued this all through high school and finally during my senior year I had a very hurtful situation occur between myself and another family in the church. Since I wasn’t solid in my faith and relationship with the Lord, I let it tear me down significantly and I stayed out the church for about a year and a half.I let another’s faith become my own and when they failed me, I equated that with God failing me. â€Å"This book of the law shall not depart out of your mouth, but you shall meditate on it day and night, that you may observe and do according to all that is written in it. For then you shall make your way prosperous, and then you shall deal wisely and have good success. † Joshua 1:8 The Bible tells us that if we want to be a success and prosper in all of our dealings, we must meditate on the Word of God day and night.The Word of God teaches us what we should spend our time thinking about (57). Meditation in this context means to spend a lot of time pondering and thinking on the ways of God, His instructions and His teachings (57). In my situation, I had let sermons, Sunday school, and people in the church mold my faith and thought process instead of spending time myself thinking about the Word. I thought about the Word while I was sitting in church but outside of that, I had not really let it sink in. Now, I am making a significant effort to seek the scriptures myself.Of course, I am involved in church again but I am also making an effort during my own time to spend quality time with the Lord, in prayer and in His word, allowing Him to mold me into what He has created me to be. The last thing that â€Å"The Battlefield of the Mind† has taught me is to be thankful at all times. How can the devil control us if we are going to be joyful and thankful no matter what our circumstances are? â€Å"I will bless the Lord at all times; His praise shall continually be in my m outh. † Psalm 34:1We can be a blessing to the Lord by letting His praise continually be in our thoughts and mouths (162). Be a grateful person, one filled with gratitude not only toward God, but also toward people (163). Expressing appreciation is not only good for the other person but it is good for us, because it releases joy in us. Meditate daily on all the things you have to be thankful for. Rehearse them to the Lord in prayer, and as you do you will find your heart filling up with life and light (163). During my teenage years, my family went through a financial crisis. We lost our home and our vehicles. I spent my junior year of high school with my parents living out of a garage that we made into a make-shift home. I remembered crying myself to sleep many nights in that garage. I was embarrassed about our situation, angry at my parents for getting us in this mess, and confused that the Lord could let this happen to us. After about fifteen months in that garage, things finally began to turn around. We were able to sell our property and the garage, move into a rental property and get decent vehicles to drive instead of the old sixties model truck my dad had bought for three hundred dollars during the crisis.I remember being so grateful for that new rental property. It was an old yellow brick home, but it was wonderful to me. I had a room with real walls! I spent all of my savings on making my own bedroom beautiful with new paint, picture frames and curtains. It was through that situation that I truly learned how to be grateful. My parents and I have come a long way from that old garage but I still have a picture of that old garage in a frame in my room at home. Sometimes even now, I find myself being selfish and ungrateful for my many blessings.I think everyone does. However, that memory always shows me how far the Lord has brought me and how much farther He can take me as long as I stay faithful. â€Å"Battlefield of the Mind† by Joyce Meyer has many solid lessons that have taught me a lot about how to live victorious in Christ. As a young Pentecostal believer, I always thought everything was spiritually supernatural. If God wanted me to think a certain way, He would just zap it into my head. However, as I grow in my relationship with Him, I realize He is not going to spoon feed me forever.He wants me to seek Him. If I put His lessons and teachings into practice, I will live victoriously. Being positive, meditating on His word and always being thankful to Him and to the people around me are just a few ways I can make my life a living sacrifice to Him. However, its really not even a sacrifice, for the blessings and benefits I receive from these practices far out weight the negatives. I learn more and more about myself and about my Heavenly father as I delve deeper into His word.His word is what empowers my positive attitude and reminds me to be grateful not only for His sacrifice but also for the many blessings He bestows on my life daily. I loved this book. I’m sure I will keep it around to read occasionally and remind myself to get my mind in order! Thinking produces feelings and feelings behaviors and if I’m not happy with any certain behaviors, I must stem it back to what I spend my time thinking about. My mind is the battlefield and when it is renewed in Christ, I will be able to battle the enemy with confidence, perseverance, and power. How to cite Battlefield of the Mind, Papers

Transmandibular Joint Dislocation Essays - Head, Anatomy, Medicine

transmandibular joint dislocation Michelle Arney Temporo-Mandibular Dislocation Definition Temporo-mandibular joints (TMJ) are just forward of the ears and connect the jaw with the skull. With dislocation the jaw slides backwards into the skull, and at this time the mouth cannot be closed. Symptoms include inability to close mouth, pain and swelling in jaw and can also include numbness in chin and lower lip (Jaw Dislocation). Patients also describe TMJ as a tightness, sticking, or catching of the jaw. (Walling, Anne D.) TMJ is also associated with people who grind their teeth (Soothe Away Jaw Pain). This makes the persons jaw incredibly sore. It also causes headaches and insomnia. (Walling, Anne D.) Causes Major causes of TMJ dislocations are that the muscles inside a persons mouth just arent strong enough to hold the jaw, the joint space being too big, and osteoarthrosis. A new study is also showing that TMJ dislocations could have a connection to female hormones (Lensch, Chad D.D.S.). TMJ happens randomly but it does also happen after accidents to the skull. These accidents include a car accident or just being hit hardly in the jaw. Treatment Doctors try to do very conservative things to treat TMJ disorders. One of these includes listening to relaxation tapes for 30 minutes a day (Soothe Away Jaw Pain). Listening to the relaxation tapes is good for people whose TMJ disorders are concurring with people who grind their teeth or clench their teeth tightly. It is also suggested that a person open their mouth 10 15 times, 3 times a day as wide as they can without causing pain. Then hold the mouth open for 5 seconds and slowly close it. It is also suggested that if a person has pain in front of their ear or hear a noise in their jaw that they talk with their doctor before trying this exercise (Soothe Away Jaw Pain). Chad Lensch D.D.S. also said that he reduces the symptoms by using medication such as anti depressants since they are a form of muscle relaxant. Dr. Lensch said that physical therapy and wearing soft mouth guards at night are good for people who grind their teeth. He also uses anti-inflammatory drugs to flush out the joint space. This procedure is called arthrocentesis. Just recently the FDA approved a TMJ prosthesis. This prosthesis replaces all the joints and connects to the mandible and skull (Heeney, Jane E. M.D.). This can either be an outpatient surgery or you could get admitted into a hospital. Over 300 people have received this implant but it is suppose to be used as a last resort and only if all other kinds of treatment failed (Lensch, Chad D.D.S.). It has also been stated that the prosthesis sometimes do not fit right. (Heeney, Jane E. M.D.). Prevention There are many ways to control dislocations. One way is when a person is yawning they should hold their jaw to not let it open all the way. Another way is to not take big bites of food. Also a person should be aware of how wide they open their mouth when they are excited and yelling and screaming. By doing these things it will have a persons jaw not ever lock open and require medical attention. Since TMJ also happens because of a person has been in an accident the best way to protect yourself is to always wear your seat belt and to wear protective gear while playing sports. It is understood that a person cant always wear protective gear, such as a helmet while swimming, but a person should always be careful of their skull. Overall I would recommend not getting the surgery. After all the research I did it would seem like a waste to spend money on a surgery that has a very good possibility of not even being successful. Since there are ways to prevent a persons jaw from being locked open I would just rather choose to always trying to hold my jaw rather then getting a surgery. Also, it would seem hard to remember to always hold your jaw. Through my own life it is somewhat hard but after having it get locked open once a person would remember to hold it. Works Cited Henney, Jane E. M.D. Approval of TMJ Prosthesis. 8 September 1999. 28 September 2000 http://jama.ama-assn.org/issues/v282n10/ffull/jfd90007-3.html. Jaw

Its Development, Differences, and Relationship with other Psychological Fields Essay Example

Its Development, Differences, and Relationship with other Psychological Fields Essay Example Its Development, Differences, and Relationship with other Psychological Fields Paper Its Development, Differences, and Relationship with other Psychological Fields Paper Biological psychology studies the physiological basis of human behavior (Johnstone, 2003, p. 15). This evolved because of the need of the venue to further understand the behavior, no longer in the nurture aspect, but on the biological viewpoint. Henri Pieron was considered the leader of biological psychology in Europe, who had an interest in revealing mechanisms behind behavior in a more hard-core scientific way. American psychologists ignored this perspective, though there are available information of the relationship of that time animal behavior to their morphology and physiology (Archer, Hansen, and Larsson, 1991, p. 2). I was in the 19th century when the context of present societies was studied on their biological context, relating the characteristic behavior of the society as evolutionary (Shinobu and Cohen, 2007, p. 79). Thomas young, a physicist, was one of the leading scientists who contributed profoundly in the developments in psychology, specifically on the biological scene (Weiner, Freedheim, and Schinka, 2003, p. 51). The hormones, the genetic materials, the brain, and the central nervous system’s influences are given emphasis. Controversial questions are being raised towards the depth that biological psychology can penetrate. These questions depict psychology in many ways, and also act as a way of understanding what biological psychology is. For example is the suicidal tendency of a person, if it can be traced in the genes this kind of behavior. Biological psychology answers also the percentage of our behavior that we inherited from our parents. More importantly, if there is a connection of our mental state to the physical illnesses that we might experience. The nature vs. nurture and the endless debate on it is still up to now divides the view of psychologists, and basically, biological psychology resides with nature (Johnstone, 2003, p. 15). One of the focuses of biological psychology is the study of developments in medications that are successful in treating depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorders. It has connected the mind and the body which is a crucial step in understanding, measuring, and conquering stress. With the help of biological psychologists, physiological components of illnesses were uncovered. Because of this, establishment of interrelatedness of the illness of the mind and illness of the body was made possible (Johnstone, 2003, p. 15). Theorists like Wolfgang Kohler, a German psychologist, supplied the missing link in understanding the evolutionary aspect of biological psychology, as pioneered by Charles Darwin. He supplemented the organic behavior of humans, and the evolutionary relationships in human development and behavior. On the other hand, in the time of Avicenna who lived in 980-1037 A.D., dated was the first study of biological psychology. According to the Canon Law of Medicine, physiological psychology was recognized in the treatment of emotional sickness, and developed an association with the inner feelings and the pulse rate. Avicenna had the concept of black bile that emanated from the brain causing melancholy or a sad feeling (Stein, Kupfer, and Schatzberg, 2005, p. 6).

Biography of Andy Warhol, Icon of Pop Art

Biography of Andy Warhol, Icon of Pop Art Andy Warhol (born Andrew Warhola; Aug. 6, 1928–Feb. 22, 1987) was one of the most important artists of pop art, a genre that became popular in the second half of the 20th century. Though he is best remembered for his mass-produced paintings of Campbells soup cans, he created hundreds of other works ranging from commercial advertisements to films. His best-known work, including the soup cans, reflected his views on the banality that he saw in the commercial culture of America. Fast Facts; Andy Warhol Known For: Pop artAlso Known As: Andrew WarholaBorn: Aug. 6, 1928 in Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaParents: Andrej and Julia WarholaDied: Feb. 22, 1987 in New York, New YorkEducation: Carnegie Institute of Technology (now Carnegie Mellon University)Published Works: Commercial illustrations, paintings, filmsï » ¿Notable Quote: I just happen to like ordinary things. When I paint them, I dont try to make them extraordinary. I just try to paint them ordinary-ordinary. Early Life and Education Andy Warhol was born on Aug. 6, 1928, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and grew up there with his older brothers, Paul and John, and his parents, Andrej and Julia Warhola, both of whom had emigrated from Czechoslovakia (now called Slovakia). Devout Byzantine Catholics, the family regularly attended Mass and observed their Eastern European heritage. Even as a young boy, Warhol liked to draw, color, and cut and paste pictures. His mother, who was also artistic, encouraged him by giving him a chocolate bar every time he finished a page in his coloring book. Elementary school was traumatic for Warhol, especially once he contracted Sydenhams chorea, also known as St. Vitus dance, a disease that attacks the nervous system and makes the sufferer shake uncontrollably. Warhol missed a lot of school during several month-long periods of bed rest. Additionally, large, pink blotches on Warhols skin, also from the disorder, didnt help his self-esteem or acceptance by other students. This led to nicknames such as â€Å"Spot† and â€Å"Andy the Red-Nosed Warhola† and a lifelong interest in clothing, wigs, cosmetics, and, later, plastic surgery in response to what he perceived as his flaws. During high school, Warhol took art classes there and at the Carnegie Institute (now the Carnegie Museum of Art). He was somewhat of an outcast because he was quiet, could always be found with a sketchbook in his hands, and had shockingly pale skin and white-blond hair. Warhol also loved to go to movies and started a collection of celebrity memorabilia, particularly autographed photos. A number of these pictures appeared in Warhols later artwork. Warhol graduated from high school and then went to the Carnegie Institute of Technology (now Carnegie Mellon University) in 1945, graduating in 1949 with a major in pictorial design. Blotted-Line Technique During college, Warhol developed the blotted-line technique, which involved taping two pieces of blank paper together at an edge and then drawing in ink on one page. Before the ink dried, he pressed the two pieces of paper together. The resulting image was a picture with irregular lines that he could fill in with watercolor. Warhol moved to New York right after college and worked there for a decade as a commercial illustrator. He quickly earned a reputation in the 1950s for using his blotted-line technique in commercial advertisements. Some of Warhols most famous ads were for shoes for I. Miller, but he also drew Christmas cards for Tiffany Co., created book and album covers, and illustrated Amy Vanderbilts Complete Book of Etiquette. Pop Art Around 1960, Warhol decided to make a name for himself in pop art, a new style of art that had begun in England in the mid-1950s and consisted of realistic renditions of popular, everyday items. Warhol had turned away from the blotted-line technique and had decided to use paint and canvas, but he was having trouble deciding what to paint. Warhol began with Coke bottles and comic strips, but his work wasnt getting the attention he wanted. In December 1961, a friend gave Warhol an idea: he should paint what he liked most in the world, perhaps something such as money or a can of soup. Warhol painted both. Warhols first exhibition in an art gallery came in 1962 at the Ferus Gallery in Los Angeles. He displayed his canvases of Campbells soup, one for each of the 32 types of soup made by the company. He sold all the paintings as a set for $1,000. Before long, Warhols work was known all over the world and he was in the vanguard of the new pop art movement. Silk-Screening Unfortunately for Warhol, he found that he couldnt make his paintings fast enough on canvas. In July 1962, he discovered the process of silk screening, which uses a specially prepared section of silk as a stencil, allowing one silk-screen image to create similar patterns multiple times. He immediately began making paintings of political and Hollywood celebrities, most notably a large collection of paintings of Marilyn Monroe. Warhol would use this style for the rest of his life. Mass production not only spread his art; it became his art form. Movies In the 1960s as Warhol continued to paint, he also made films, which were known for creative eroticism, lack of plots, and extreme length- up to 25 hours. From 1963 to 1968, he made nearly 60 movies. One of his movies, Sleep, is a five-and-a-half-hour film of a nude man sleeping. â€Å"We were shooting so many, we never even bothered to give titles to a lot of them,† Warhol later recalled. On July 3, 1968, disgruntled actress Valerie Solanas, one of the hangers-on at Warhols studio known as The Factory, shot him in the chest. Less than 30 minutes later, Warhol was pronounced clinically dead. The doctor then cut Warhols chest open and massaged his heart for a final effort to get it started again. It worked. Though his life was saved, it took a long time for him to recover. Warhol continued to paint during the 1970s and 1980s. He also began publishing a magazine called Interview and several books about himself and pop art. He even dabbled in television, producing two shows- Andy Warhol’s TV  and  Andy Warhol’s Fifteen Minutes,- for MTV and appearing on  The Love Boat  and  Saturday Night Live. Death On Feb. 21, 1987, Warhol underwent routine gallbladder surgery. Though the operation went well, Warhol unexpectedly passed away the following morning from complications. He was 58. Legacy Warhol’s work is featured in an enormous collection at the  Andy Warhol Museum in Pittsburgh, which the website describes as one of the most comprehensive single-artist museums in the world and the largest in North America. It includes paintings, drawings, commercial illustrations, sculptures, prints, photographs, wallpapers, sketchbooks, and books covering Warhol’s career, from his student work to pop art paintings and collaborations. In his will, the artist directed that his entire estate be used to create a foundation for the advancement of the visual arts. The  Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts was established in 1987. Sources Andy Warhol: American Artist. Encyclopedia Britannica.Andy Warhols Life. Warhol.org.ï » ¿

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) - Essay Example According to studies, the price of RFID will approach $0.05-0.10 if purchased in bulk. When this trend continues, it would not be long before the market will lean towards the RFID due to cost-effectiveness, thus, possibly defeating the role of barcodes that are widely used for commercial purposes with about 5 billion worldwide occurrences daily. One of the organisations that are working to regularise RFID is the EPCGlobal Inc., which is a cooperative effort between UCC and EAN. These are the two parties responsible for the application of barcodes in the U.S. and Europe market (RSA Security, 2004b). Through the advantages brought about by the RFID, problems in the privacy of consumers are raised by certain groups. Concerns on the possibility of detecting the possessions of the consumers without their knowledge are the main objective of these groups. If access of being able to detect and read the RFID were given to the wrong hands, possibility such as robbery and other crimes is at hand. Also, the business groups perceive the possibility of RFID being a tool for company surveillance. As a possible answer to the security issues, RSA Security provides ways to validate RFID readers and to be able to make protected internal transactions (RSA Security, 2004a). The Radio-F... Upon activation from the reading device, the RFID tag sends a signal which can be translated as a distinct number that can identify the particular item. In this effect, the RFID tag does not require a power source because it can be considered as inert and works only when stimulated. There are already practical uses of this technology. One application is for proximity cards that are used more conveniently than metal keys. Other examples include payment devices such as Speedpass, E-Z Pass and FasTrak. Another advantage is for identification of lost pets wherein RFID tags implanted through surgical procedure can be scanned to be able to determine the owner even if other sorts of identification are lost (RSA Security, 2004b). Basic System Schematic Source: RF-ID.com Important technologies led to the development of the RFID. One invention that can be related to the evolution of this technology is the apparatus for the Soviet government with the main purpose of surveillance made by Lon Theremin in 1945. It works through a process similar to the RFID wherein activation was possible through the intercepted radio waves and audio information. According to references, technology applied in the RFID was present in the 1920s although it was also stated that such application was just discovered in the 1960s (AIM, n.d). Another technology that may have an influence in the RFID development was the IFF transponder in 1939 that belongs to the British and was used during the World War II. Using this technology, they were able to determine whether airplanes are enemies and which are allies. In the study of RFID, one of the earliest people who made interest on the technology is Harry Stockman in his work "Communication by Means of Reflected

Curriculum and External Frame Factors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Curriculum and External Frame Factors - Essay Example The campus is located in a safe and supportive environment appropriate for the students, staff as well as to the general faculty operations. Industries are stable and have history of financial support to the institution and its employees. The public and private school systems’ provide graduate education programs for the institution and have a reputation of high quality education programs. The commuter students enjoy accessible public transport services into and out of the city at reasonable costs. Moreover, community facilities as well as other public services are at the reach of the students and this ascertains the quality of education that is offered within the institution. Besides commendable learning environment, the institution is situated at proximity to recreation parks, which are very important for the student’s leisure activities. Moreover, the government has been very instrumental in offering supportive services to the institution and ensuring that the public enjoy the learning facilities offered within the institution as part of its basic responsibility towards the public. Key sectors driving the economy will continue to be the federal government, technology, construction, international business, and hospitality (City Data website, nd). Trinity University has a higher enrollment of Washington DC residents compared to all other private universities in the city or region. The university college is at proximity with public transport infrastructure with road and rail transport being the predominant means of commuting. Transportation services through roads by buses and taxis are easily accessible. Besides the commuter students, Trinity nursing college has boarding facilities though a few in numbers and the institution offers medical and counseling services. The Washington DC’s government acknowledges and recognizes the contributions of the institutions within the locality; for instance, the 2011, pay roll records indicate that about 40% of the annual payroll was from the local residents who were employees to the institution. The nursing college has a total employee population of 221 persons from within the city and the environment. Besides the direct contributions of the college to the lives of the city dwellers, about 2,190 Trinity graduates live within the city and contribute to the welfare and development of the city through talents, civic engagement as well as through the tax income by the government. Their influence in general welfare through formal employment as well as voluntary activities within the local organizations cannot be overemphasized (Trinity Washington University Annual Report, 2011). The population within the city and the environment reflect a mix of cultural and ethnic characteristics with a wide spread of age groups; from the elderly to the children. The populations within Washington exhibit traits of relatively good income levels; with majority receiving average incomes while some receive above average incomes. The general poverty levels are low and there are humanitarian organizations which run program s targeting assisting the poor from within. Washington DC has a great diversity in terms of

Chemical Constituents From Lepidogrammitis Drymoglossoides

Chemical Constituents From Lepidogrammitis Drymoglossoides Li-Yuan Zhang, You-Heng Gao*, Ling-Zhi Ren , Ming-Zhu Wan, Teng-Hua Wang ABSTRACT This report is related to phytochemical investigation about a Chinese fern Lepidogrammitis drymoglossoides. Based on spectroscopic analysis including UV, MS, 1H and 13C-NMR as well as their chemical and physical properties, their structures were identified to be ÃŽ ²-ecdysterone (1), stigmasterol (2), physcion (3), emodin (4), umbelliferone (5), scoparone (6), aesculetin (7), caffeic acid (8), ferulic acid (9), protocatechuic acid (10), pyrocatechualdehyde (11), gallic acid (12), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester (13), docosanyl tetracosanoate (14). Compounds 4-6, 9, 12-14 were isolated from the genus Lepidogrammitis for the first time. Keywords: Polypodiaceae; Lepidogrammitis; Lepidogrammitis drymoglossoides; anthraquinones; coumarins; phenolic acids 1. Subject and source Lepidogrammitis drymoglossoides (Baker) Ching is a member of Polypodiaceae family, which is widely distributed in the south of Yangtze River basin and other provinces in southern China, especially in Guizhou, Fujian, Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi provinces. The whole grass of Lepidogrammitis drymoglossoides was collected from Xinhui City, Guangdong province, P. R. China, in October 2011. The specie was identified by Prof. Chao-Mei Pan, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Guangzhou University of Chinese Traditional Medicine. A voucher specimen (LY 20111023) has been deposited with the Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Department of Phytochemistry, Guangzhou University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Guangdong, P. R. China. The whole grass was smashed by an electrical grinder and dried in a drying oven under the temperature of 60 before extraction. 2. Previous work The medicinal plant is extensively used in the treatment of pharyngalgia, pulmonary tuberculosis, rheumatism arthritis, lymphnoditis, cholecystitis, urolithiasis, traumatic injury, hypertension and furunculosis bloated by the ethnic minorities of Miao, Yao, and Tong (He and Xu, 2007; The Editorial Committee of Chinese Materia Medica, 1999). Previous works revealed that the main chemical component of Lepidogrammitis drymoglossoides is steroids and phenolic acids, triterpenes, anthraquinones and amides are also included (Li Zhifu, 2011). However, little is known concerning the phytochemistry of the specie, especially the bioactive substances, and yet no method has been proposed for the standardization of this herb, which limits the exploitation and commercialization of these medicinal plants. 3. Present work The dried whole grass of L. drymoglossoides (21 kg) was extracted with 95% EtOH two times (each for 2 h) by usingheatingcircumfluencemethod. The extracts were concentrated under reduced pressure to a crude extract, which was further dissolved in water and extracted successively with petroleum ether (P), chloroform (CHCl3), EtOAc and n-BuOH to yield 239.5 g, 132 g, 56 g and 122.5 g of the corresponding extracts, respectively . The petroleum ether fraction (100 g) was chromatographed over silica gel column using P/EtOAc (100:1-0:100) to give 8 fractions (Fr.1-8) based on TLC analysis. Fr.4 was separated on silica gel CC by eluting with P/EtOAc (30:1), and then was purified repeatedly by Sephadex LH-20 column with CHCl3/MeOH (1:1) to obtain 2 (18.4 mg). The chloroform fraction (100 g) was subjected to a silica gel column chromatography (CC) with the gradient (P/EtOAc 100:0–0:100) as eluants to afford 9 fractions (Fr.1-9) based on TLC analysis. Fr.1 was separated on silica gel CC by eluting with P/EtOAc (100:1-0:100), and then was purified by Sephadex LH-20 column with CHCl3/MeOH (2:1) to obtain 3 (18.4 mg).Fr.2 was submitted to silica gel CC eluted with P/EtOAc gradient (100:1, 50:1, 0:1) to give 5 sub-fractions (Fr.C1-C5). Fr.C2 was purified by Sephadex LH-20 column with CHCl3/MeOH (1:1) as eluant to yield 14 (102 mg). Fr.9 was separated on silica gel CC by eluting with P/EtOAc (10:1, 5:1, 1:1, 0:1), and then was further separated by semi-preparative RP-HPLC with mobile phase of CH3CN/H2O (55:45) to afford 4 (mg). The EtOAc fraction (50 g) was subjected to a silica gel CC with using gradient mixtures of CHCl3/MeOH (100:0-0:100) as eluants to afford 10 fractions (Fr.1-10) based on TLC analysis. Fr.2 was submitted to silica gel CC eluted with CH2Cl2/MeOH gradient (100:0-0:100), and then was purified by Sephadex LH-20 column with CHCl3/MeOH (2:1) to obtain 6 (18.4 mg). Fr.3 was subjected to a silica gel CC with using gradient mixtures of CH2Cl2/MeOH (100:0-0:100) as eluants to produce 13 (18.4 mg). Fr.4 was separated on silica gel CC by eluting with CH2Cl2/MeOH (200:1-0:100), and then was purified by Sephadex LH-20 column with CHCl3/MeOH (1:1) to obtain 11 (18.4 mg). Fr.5 was subjected to silica gel CC eluted with CH2Cl2/MeOH (70:1-0:1) to give 4 sub-fractions (Fr.E1-E5). Fr.E2-3 was resubjected to silica gel CC eluting with CH2Cl2/MeOH (50:1-0:1), and then was purified by Sephadex LH-20 column with CHCl3/MeOH (1:1) to obtain 5 (18.4 mg). Fr.E4 was resubmitted sequentially to silica gel CC elutin g with CH2Cl2/MeOH (50:1-0:1), Sephadex LH-20 column with CHCl3/MeOH (1:1) as eluent repeatedly, and preparative TLC with mobile phase of CHCl3/MeOH/ CH2O2 (20:1:0.2) to afford 7 (18.4 mg). Fr.6 was separated on D101 macroporous resin (MeOH/H2O, 0:100, 50:50, 70:30, 100:0) to yield four main fractions(Fr.E1-4). Fr.E1 was then seperated on a reversed-phase C18 column (MeOH/H2O, 0:100-100:0) to give 4 sub-fractions (Fr.ER1-4). Fr.ER1 was subjected to silica gel CC eluted with CHCl3/MeOH (30:1, 20:1, 10:1, 0:1) to give 4 sub-fractions (Fr.ERC1-4). Fr.ERC3 was chromatographed over silica gel column using CH2Cl2/MeOH (30:1-0:1) and followed by Sephadex LH-20 CHCl3/MeOH (1:1) as eluent to produce compound 9 (18.4 mg) and 10 (mg). Fr.ERC4 was further separated by semi-preparative RP-HPLC with mobile phase of CH3CN/H2O-0.3%CH2O2 (20:80) to afford compound 8 (18.4 mg). Fr.8 was separated by D101 macroporous resin (MeOH/H2O, 0:100, 30:70, 50:50, 70:30, 100:0) to yield 5 fractions (Fr.ED1-5). Fr.ED2-3 was submitted successively to silica gel CC eluting with CH2Cl2/MeOH (50:1-0:1), silica gel CC eluting with CH2Cl2/MeOH (30:1-0:1), reversed-phase C18 column (MeOH/H2O, 0:100-100:0), Sephadex LH-20 column with CHCl3/MeOH (1:1) to afford 1 (18.4 mg) and 12 (mg). By comparison of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra data with those reported, compounds 1-14 (Fig. 1) were identified to be ÃŽ ²-ecdysterone (1) (Wu et al., 2006), stigmasterol (2) (Wu et al., 2008), physcion (3) (Qin and Liang, 2013), emodin (4) (Wei et al., 2012), umbelliferone (5) (Zheng et al., 2011), scoparone (6) (Chen et al., 2012), aesculetin (7) (Qian et al., 2007), caffeic acid (8) (Huang et al., 2013), ferulic acid (9) (Wei et al., 2014), protocatechuic acid (10) (Zheng et al., 2006 ), pyrocatechualdehyde (11) (Zhou and Yang, 2008), gallic acid (12) (Li et al., 2012), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester (13) (Zhang et al., 2011), and docosanyl tetracosanoate (14) (Zhang Qian, 2010). 1 2 3: R=CH3 4: R=H 5: R1=H, R2=H 8: R=H 10_R1=H, R2=OH 13 6: R1=OCH3, R2=CH 9: R=CH3 11: R1=H, R2=H 7: R1=OH, R2=H 12: R1=OH, R2=OH 14 Fig.1. 14 compounds from Lepidogrammitis drymoglossoides. 4. Chemotaxonomic significance The main chemical component types of L. drymoglossoides in previously research are steroids and phenolic acids. This current research discusses the isolation and identification of a series of chemical constituents from L. drymoglossoides, compounds 1-14 were classified as steroids (1, 2), anthraquinones (3, 4), coumarins (5-7), phenolic acids (8-13) and fatty acids (14). Among them, compounds 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 13, 14 were isolated from this species for the first time. In addition, compounds3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12, 13, 14 have not been reported in any species of the genus Lepidogrammitis. And also this is the first report of compounds 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12, 13, 14 from the family Polypodiaceae. There are about 5 species in the genus Lepidogrammitis which are both native to China, and only one specie spreads to India, Burma, Laos and Vietnam (Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2005). L. drymoglossoides mentionedabove is the only one that be studied up to now. To the best of my knowledge, other species in genus Drynaria, Pyrrosia Mirbel and Lepisorus from the family Polypodiaceae have been studied more in recent years home and abroad. Drynaria mainly contains flavones, triterpenoids and phenylpropanoids. Thechemicalcomponentsisolated from Pyrrosia Mirbel include mainlyflavonoid glycosidesand xanthanes. Several of the compounds isolated in this study have been previously isolated and identified from genus mentionedabove. For example, ecdysterone (1) were isolated from L. marginatus, L. thunbergianus, L. longus, L. contortus, L. macrosphaerus, L. albertii and L. ussuriensis (Zhang et al., 2012; Xu Dongying, 1997; Yao et al., 2004; Zhang Xiaojing, 2012; Ch oi et al., 1999). Stigmasterol (2) has been identified from P. calvata (Zheng et al., 1999) and P. gralla (Zheng et al., 1998) while caffeic acid (8), protocatechuic acid(9) and protocatechuic acid(10) have been obtained from R. Drynariae, P. petiolosa and P. sheareri (Han and Wang, 1984; ShanghaiFirstMedical College, 1973; Liang et al., 2010; Wang et al., 2003). But there are no reports of physcion (3), emodin (4), umbelliferone (5), scoparone (6), aesculetin (7) in the family Polypodiaceae. In addition, coumarins is a rare constituent in ferns though previously obtained from Polypodium hastatum Thunb., a fern of the same family Polypodiaceae (Yao et al., 2012). Identification of these class of anthraquinones (3, 4) and coumarins (5-7) indicates that they would be used as chemotaxonomic markers for the species L. drymoglossoides within the family. And this investigation may supply characteristic constituents in this genus. But more phytochemistry studies on it are needed. Acknowledgements This project was financially supported by a grant from Zhongshan Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong province (No. 20113A082). References He S.Z., Xu W.F., 2007. Traditional Chinese medicine resources in Guizhou, Guizhou, 192. The Editorial Committee of Chinese Materia Medica, 1999. Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai, 229-231. Li, Z.F., 2011. Chemical constituents and Antituberculous activity Study of Lepidogrammitis drymoglossoides (Baker) Ching. GuiYang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, GuiYang. Wu, J.J., Wang, H., Ye, W.C., Zuo, X.F., Zhao, S.X., 2006. Journal of China Pharmaceutical University. 37, 487-490. Wu, X., Xia, H.L., Huang, L.H., Chen, D.D., Chen, J.Y., Weng, H.T., 2008. Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials. 31, 990-992. Qin, C.M., Liang, H.X., 2013. Chin J Mod Drug Appl, Jan. 7, 1-2. Wei, H., He, C.N., Peng, Y., Ma, G.X., Xiao, P.G., 2012. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica. 37, 1249-1253. Zheng, Z.G., Wang, R.S., Tang, D., He, B., Gu, P., Duan, T.T., Zhu, Q., 2011. Nat Prod Res Dev. 23, 399-400,403. Chen, B.C., Cai, G.M., Yuan, Y., Li, T.T., He, Q., He, J.F., 2012. Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae. 18, 98-100. Qian, Z.M., Li, H.J., Qi, F.F., He, Q.H., Li, P., 2007. Chin Pharm J. 42, 1132-1134. Huang, J., Wang, G.C., Li, T., Li, Y.L., Ye, W.C., 2013. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs. 44, 1237-1240. Wei, L.B., Chen, J.M., Zhou, G.X., 2014. Nat Prod Res Dev. 26. 43-46, 59. Zheng, W., Zhou, C.X., Zhang, S.L., Weng, L.J., Zhao Y., 2006. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica. 31, 892-894. Zhou, Z.J., Yang, J.S., 2008. W C J.P S. 23, 265-266. Li, Y.Q., Lei, X.X, Feng, Y.L., Xu, Q.M., Xu, L.Z., Yang, S.L., 2012. Chin Pharm J. 47, 261-264. Zhang, Z., Xiao, H., Jin, X.F., Yang, Y.S., Liu, G.M., 2011. Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research. 22, 1040-1041. Zhang, Q., 2010. The Studies on the Chemical Constituents in leaves of Sorbus tianschanica Ruper. Xinjiang Medical University, Urumchi. Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences. 2005. Flora Yunnanica, Beijing. 21, 341. Zhang, X.J., Ma, J., Zhu, Z.Z., Zhang, H., 2012. Chinese Journal of Spectroscopy Laboratory. 29, 1832-1837. Xu, D.Y., 1997. Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine. 20-21. Yao, Z.S., Xiong, Y.K., Yu, B., 2004. Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials. 27, 718-721. Zhang, X.J., 2012. Research about the extraction of chlorogenic acid from 5 plants in Lepisorus and the antioxidant activity of alcohol extract. SHAANXI NORMAL UNIVERSITY, Xian. Choi, Y.H., Kim, J., Choi, Y.H., 1999. Phytochemistry. 51, 453-456. Zheng, X., Yu, L., Liao, R.F., Zhu, B.Y., Xu, Y.L.,Xu, J., 1999. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs. 30, 253-254. Zheng, X., Xu, Y.L., Xu, J., 1998. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica. 23, 98-99. Han, J.S., Wang, M.S., 1984. Journal of Nanjing College Pharacy. 15, 40-43. ShanghaiFirstMedical College, 1973. Journal of Pharmaceuticals. 1-13. Liang, Y.H., Ye, M., Zhang, L.Z., Li, H.F., Han, J., Wang B.R., Guo, D.A., 2010. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. 45, 874-878. Wang, N., Wang, J.H., Cheng, j., Li, X., 2003. Journal of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University. 20, 425-427. Yao, H.K., Duan, J.Y., Ai, F.W., Li, Y., 2012. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 44, 275-278. [1]Corresponding authors. Tel.:+86 20 39358083. E-mail addresses: [emailprotected](Y.-H. Gao).

One of the Boys: Homosexuality in the Military during World War II Essay

All over the history of the United States’ military, its handling of sexual minorities such as homosexuals has changed both as popular and medical knowledge regarding homosexuality have changed and as the requirements of the armed forces themselves have altered. According to Paul Jackson (2004) in his book â€Å"One of the Boys: Homosexuality in the Military during World War II†, regulations have more and more shifted away from criminal trial to the release of homosexual military servicemen in reaction to varying opinions among medical professionals regarding the root and true causes of homosexuality. Nevertheless, Jackson (2004) claimed that within an institution that has formally forbidden the service of sexual minorities, particularly homosexuals ever since the 1940s, and the real execution of the ban has varied across branch of services and time, in addition to commanders. Throughout the time of war, rates and levels of dismissal have dropped as manpower requirements have increased as well. Many instances subsist of gay and lesbian military servicemen who have served with the information and consciousness of their commanders and colleagues. Moreover, not merely does a service member’s likelihood or opportunity of being dismissed differ by branch of service, but female military personnel likewise consist of an unequal number of those estranged under the rule. In writing about gay and lesbian history, the historian should decode and interpret the coded phrases that were employed to cover up homosexuality, and I believe that Jackson has done a commendable and marvelous job of this. His book is a thoroughly-researched analysis of homosexuality in the Canadian armed forces for the period of the war years. In writing the book, it is Jackson’s aim to investigate the existence of homosexuality in the military during World War II and to be able to share the result of his study to the readers. I can say that he has achieved these goals because this work has extensively studied the subject and is an outcome of hours of studying police reports, court-martial transcripts, conducting dozens of interviews, and pouring over psychiatric. In writing this book, I can say that Jackson has discovered and exposed a lot of homosexual experiences, and therefore has carried out an important involvement both to the social history and the queer history of the World War II. According to Jackson, throughout the period of World War II, military leaders engaged in extensive debate regarding the practices, rules, and policies connected to homosexuality in the armed forces, and substantial amendment of regulations took place all over the services. Furthermore, World War II needed a mass mobilization not like any formerly observed in the United States’ history. In fact, as asserted by d’Emilio (1998), the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 caused the instant registration of over 16 million men. Meanwhile, Jennings (1994) and the National Defense Research Institute (1993) said that discussions and debate regarding homosexual policies originated both from the prevalent disparity in the treatment of individual cases and the United States government’s dependence on the psychiatric establishment to help in discharging soldiers who were regarded as ineligible or unfit to serve. On authority, as I have previously said, the author presented several ideas about the subject by means of employing a wide array of sources such as personnel and psychiatric files, long-closed court martial records, oral histories, films, and unit war diaries. Jackson was able to consistently present his findings and views as he relates the struggle and hardships of queer military servicemen of all branches and ranks of the Canadian military to blend in and integrate and prevent losing their reputations and careers. According to Jackson, homosexual men were frequently well-liked and accepted within their units. However, if charged of homosexual behavior, they were asked to undergo psychiatric tests, prison terms, courts-martial proceedings, and finally dishonorable and shameful discharges. I think that Jackson’s ideas are credible and the findings and information are clearly presented. On perspective, I believe that Jackson’s work is not tainted by a clear bias that ignores or understates evidence and thus not favor one perspective alone. Moreover, the book imparts statements with adequate evidentiary support. Meanwhile, regarding the content of the book, when you read the book, it seems as if it is two books merged into one: on the one hand, it is a social history, and on the other hand, it is a policy analysis. The first three chapters of the book discuss how the institutions of the Canadian military tried to control homosexuality. In Chapter 1, Jackson examines the somewhat baffled efforts of the military to describe and delineate its policy regarding homosexuality. Next, Chapter 2 looks at the court martial proceedings of those military servicemen accused of homosexuality-related legal wrongdoings. Then, Chapter 3 of the book illustrates how military psychiatrists attempted to stress and affirm their authority and power over homosexuality as a medical concern. The last two chapters seemed to be a methodical reading of their respective principal sources, which are psychiatric examinations and court martial transcripts. I believe that Jackson analytically transports the reader through the a variety of stages of the psychiatric evaluation and court martial processes, giving personalized and detailed descriptions of how these two branches of the military coped with the concern of homosexuality, the first as a medical concern and the second as a moral and legal one. This difference between approved and formal military rule denouncing homosexuality and the usual acceptance of homosexual behavior is revealed in the first chapter of Jackson’s book, which looks at the a variety of aspects of the military’s rule on homosexuality as created by the military police, the National Film Board, the RCAF, and the medical services. The general organization of the first chapter of the book portrays a somewhat inconsistent and disorganized methodology in dealing with homosexuality in the Canadian military, which included cruel and brutal investigations on the one hand, and customary denials on the other hand. Moreover, Chapter 1 highlights entertainingly in the author’s ironic so-called â€Å"Routine Order† on homosexuality, wherein he explains the de facto military rule on homosexuality, without an official and formal rule. According to Jackson, the de facto military rule was to disregard or renounce homosexual behavior except if the person behind it was an eccentric or nonconformist or else has a behavioral problem. The de facto rule says that any punishment must be manageable or light for military men in combat units, and heavy and grave for noncombatants, except if they were popular and accepted. Persistently, the author thinks that the Canadian military attempted to disregard homosexuality except if the persons were difficult to handle or were showing their sexuality. Jackson says that this implicit rule originated from the 1940s concept or notion of sexuality, which states that every soldier was supposed or assumed to be male, heterosexual, and masculine, and in the absence of tremendous proof or confirmation to the contrary, would be considered as such. Meanwhile, the second half of the book is mainly a social history of homosexuality in the armed forces in the period of World War II. The book’s Chapters 4 and 5 discuss the experiences of queer and odd military servicemen in Canada and abroad; while chapter 6 inspects the effect of homosexuality on the military’s morale, cohesion, and esprit de corps. Personally, I think that these chapters of Jackson’s book depended mainly on war diaries and oral histories as well as the sources utilized for the previous chapters, and illustrate clear pictures of the experiences of queer military servicemen during wartime. Definitely, I think that these sections of the book evoke Desmond Morton’s outstanding work regarding the experience of Canadian military servicemen during World War I. By means of utilizing the personal reminiscences of various veterans, a number of whom are explicitly homosexual, whereas others are married and already have grandchildren, the author investigates the numerous aspects of the homosexual encounters and experiences that happened during the war, the stories and accounts of coming to consciousness of a different sexual orientation and behavior, the conflicting responses to these encounters, and the truthful account of brief sexual frolics in London hotel rooms for common enjoyment. Personally, I think that of specific concern in these parts in the book is Jackson’s portrayal of the open sexuality in England during wartime that would surely be interesting for British historians. In his book, Jackson exposes the label that homosexuality in the military was simply the result of an all-male situation, or that these experiences constantly concerned a blend of a masculine top and feminine â€Å"queen. † Despite the fact that this was the conventional representation and impression of homosexuality during the war, it was far from being its lone sign or even the prevalent one. Based on the investigations of Jackson, he found out that it is apparent that there was a stern unwillingness or reluctance on the part of authorities to dismiss homosexuals from military service. Jackson discovered that courts martial were mainly employed to discourage homosexual activity, but hardly ever led to the dismissal of noncommissioned military servicemen. Generally, the serviceman would be condemned and punished to serve time in a detention center, after which he would be permitted to go back to service. Meanwhile, military officers were more possible to be dismissed if they are found guilty, but were on the other hand much less possible to be sentenced. Jackson asserts that the motive or explanation here agrees with the explanation as to why psychiatrists were extremely hesitant, compared with the courts martial, to proclaim that a military officer or serviceman was homosexual. Furthermore, Jackson suggests that the medical archetype of homosexuality structured a homosexual as an antisocial, degenerate person a point of view revealed in the moral norms of the court martial officers. Nevertheless, it was difficult to resolve this idea with the healthy, productive military men who stood under inspection and scrutiny; thus, a lot of these men were set free, particularly when they had colleagues ready to guarantee for their good character. Regarding the effect of homosexuality on the military’s morale, esprit de corps, and unit cohesion, the author not astonishingly discovered that in recognized units a court martial of a charged military serviceman was more often than not more destructive to morale than the homosexual military man himself. Jackson said that frequently these men were well liked and well incorporated, and their fellow military servicemen hesitant to bear witness against them. Furthermore, the concern about sexuality was more difficult in training camps, when bonds had not yet been established. Nevertheless, Jackson also said that sexuality was not any greater an obstacle than a person’s behavior, ethnicity, race, or a lack of physical ability, all of which caused challenges to building unit cohesion throughout this period. In the meantime, I believe that a remarkable amount of research and study was obviously done in completing Jackson’s book, and I would be negligent and thoughtless if I will not talk about the visual part or element of his book. I think that the author portrays a remarkable and extraordinary array of war art, as well as several masterpieces by gay war artists that demonstrate facets or characteristics of homosexuality and the homosocial ties or connection that were established during the period of the war. A lot of these works or creations show and exemplify same-sex emotional connections and homoeroticism in the military more noticeably and openly than a chapter of text can illustrate. Together with imagery and descriptions from photos of young soldiers, stills from NFB films, and drag shows together, these pictures and examples add a rich and remarkable visual component or facet to the text. Meanwhile, Jackson said that the ban of the service of sexual minorities ever since the 1940s has not caused their discharge from the U. S. military. A lot of service members are not aware that they are homosexual when they enlist; while others do not regard themselves as homosexual, although their actions fits the military’s stringent definition. A number of these military servicemen who do recognize as sexual minorities join anyhow since they would like to serve their nation or as a consequence of the job prospects the military offers. The majority of these military servicemen work in virtual silence, informing just other gay and lesbian service members or a small number of trusted heterosexual contemporaries. Then as Sobel et al. 2000) and Berube (1990) said, despite the fact that military inquiries have led to the discharges of more than 100,000 service members since the 1940s, experts have the same opinion that a lot more have worked without being discharged. Moreover, as societal outlooks toward homosexuality have generally turned out to be more open-minded, there has been growing evidence and confirmation of acceptance among several heterosexual military personnel also. Nevertheless, the authorized and certified policy mandates removal of all recognized homosexual military servicemen, notwithstanding conduct and irrespective of their record. Even those personnel members who undergo acceptance from their contemporaries stay to be in danger that a change in command, an unanswered advance, or the antagonism of one person could bring about the end of their military careers. In the book, Jackson (2004) said that in 1943, new Navy regulations focused on homosexuals instead of sodomist. In addition, the National Defense Research Institute (1993) said that criminal penalties for sodomy were not, nevertheless, in fact removed. Those who engaged in same-sex sexual behavior were either to be administratively discharged or allowed to resign, unless their behavior was violent or involved a minor. Berube (1990) claimed that the Navy directive likewise noted that the policy applied to the Women’s Reserve also. Under Army policies, those who were not â€Å"confirmed perverts† and who were viewed to have a salvage value were to be returned to duty following proper disciplinary action. Then, by the year 1944, the medicalization of homosexuality was finished. Berube (1990) also asserted that the Army circular widened the category of offenders who may possibly be reclaimed from those who had gone off track to the true or confirmed homosexuals whose cases practically point to the likelihood of reclamation. In addition, the Navy’s 1944 circular introduced for the first time in that military branch the idea of those who have homosexual tendencies and stated that even if no sexual contact in fact took place, those with homosexual tendencies were to be recognized and prohibited from serving in the military or dismissed upon discovery (National Research Defense Institute, 1993). Personally, I believe that the reader should likewise praise Jackson for his utilization of explicit and frank language in explaining and illustrating homosexuality in the period of World War II. I personally think that not merely does this suggest or reveal the real language employed in the records Jackson discovered, but it is suitable or proper to the sexually-charged work he is discussing and doing. Moreover, I also think that the author conveys the story and information about the subject with enough wit and candor. Therefore, I am awed that Jackson managed to obtain the subtitle for his segment on inter-rank relationships, entitled â€Å"Officers and their Privates† past his editor. All in all, I extol Jackson for his interesting and frequently intimate story and description of the experiences and experiences of homosexual military servicemen that will be interesting to both a general and academic readers.